After the last cigarette, nicotine withdrawal symptoms include anger, anxiety, low mood, difficulty concentrating, impatience, insomnia and restlessness. A review of tobacco withdrawal research found that they are strongest in the first week and last 2–4 weeks. Stop-smoking medication eases these symptoms, while the therapist included in the treatment plan helps patients prepare for situations with the strongest cravings. Patients whose mood deteriorates markedly should tell the doctor; suicidal thoughts require immediate medical help.
Does physical activity reduce the urge to smoke?
British researchers collected data on every participant in experiments in which smokers either did brief physical exercise or stayed at rest. Participants in these experiments were temporarily not smoking and not taking any medicines. After exercise, including moderate exercise, participants rated their urge to smoke as clearly weaker than people who stayed still. In all the studies included, the urge to smoke was weaker after exercise, and the authors considered these results strong evidence that physical activity reduces cravings in the short term.
So physical activity helps you get through a moment of craving, but it does not replace treatment. A review covered 24 studies involving 7,279 adults. In 21 studies involving 6,607 people, support to quit combined with exercise was compared with support without exercise. No clear increase was found in the proportion of people who quit for at least six months. The authors rate the certainty of this result as low and do not rule out a small benefit.
For a patient whose cravings come at regular times, for example after lunch or after getting home from work, we suggest a brisk walk or climbing the stairs at those times instead of sitting down for a break. A patient with heart disease agrees with the doctor what level of exercise is safe for them.
How can you quit smoking when someone at home still smokes?
American researchers analysed data on 12,067 people followed in the Framingham Study from 1971 to 2003. The chance that a participant was still smoking was 67 percent lower when their spouse had quit, 36 percent lower when a friend had quit, and 25 percent lower when a brother or sister had. This was an observational study, so it shows that people close to each other often quit around the same time, but it does not prove that one person's decision causes the other's.
A summary of 14 studies involving 3,370 people looked at programmes that taught partners, friends or co-workers how to support someone quitting smoking. After six months and after a year, the proportion of non-smokers did not differ clearly from that in groups without the programme, and in most studies that measured support from people close to the participant, the programmes did not increase it.
At the appointment, we ask who smokes at home and where. Together with the patient, we agree what they will ask the people they live with during treatment:
- that no one smokes in the home or in the car the patient uses;
- that cigarettes, lighters and ashtrays are not left where the patient spends the day;
- that a household member who smokes does not offer the patient a cigarette or invite them for a smoke break together.
A partner who also wants to quit books their own appointment. We choose the medicine and dose for each person's health separately, so a couple quitting at the same time do not always take the same medicine.