The same condition may rule out one medicine and call only for caution with another. Unstable angina is a contraindication to cytisine, while with a nicotine patch the manufacturer advises caution in this situation. Current or past seizures rule out bupropion, with varenicline the manufacturer advises caution, and with nicotine replacement therapy the doctor weighs up benefits and risks. The patient therefore brings a list of their conditions and all their medicines to the appointment, and the doctor chooses the medicine and dose.
In which conditions is cytisine not used?
According to the manufacturer of Desmoxan, cytisine is not used in unstable angina, after a recent heart attack or stroke, in clinically significant heart rhythm disorders, during pregnancy or while breastfeeding. Caution is needed in ischaemic heart disease and heart failure, high blood pressure, atherosclerosis and other peripheral vascular diseases, peptic ulcer disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, an overactive thyroid, diabetes and schizophrenia. The medicine is also not recommended for people with impaired liver or kidney function, people under 18 or people over 65.
When does nicotine replacement therapy call for caution?
The manufacturer of NiQuitin patches advises caution in conditions including uncontrolled high blood pressure, heart failure, severe heart rhythm disorders, after a recent heart attack or stroke, severe peripheral vascular disease, atopic dermatitis, moderate or severe liver or kidney failure, an active stomach ulcer and an overactive thyroid. A person with diabetes monitors their blood sugar during treatment. In a person with heart disease, combining a patch with gum or spray needs to be assessed by medical staff.
Any form of nicotine replacement therapy, including patches, can make symptoms worse in people with active inflammation of the oesophagus, mouth or throat, gastritis or peptic ulcer disease. A patient with such symptoms mentions them before the doctor chooses a medicine.
Varenicline and kidney disease
In mild and moderate kidney impairment, the dose does not change. For a patient with moderate impairment who tolerates side effects poorly, the doctor may reduce the dose to 1 mg a day. In severe impairment, the patient takes 0.5 mg once a day for the first 3 days and then 1 mg once a day. According to the manufacturer, the medicine should not be used in people with end-stage kidney failure, and it is used with caution in people with a history of seizures.
Bupropion, epilepsy and eating disorders
Contraindications include current or past seizures, a tumour of the central nervous system, current or past bulimia or anorexia nervosa, severe liver cirrhosis, a history of bipolar disorder, concurrent treatment with MAO inhibitors, and abruptly stopping alcohol or benzodiazepine sedatives.