Cytisine and nicotine medicines in patches, gum, spray and lozenges can be bought without a prescription. The doctor chooses from them based on the patient's health, age and medicines, as well as how much and when they smoke. The effectiveness of the medicines was compared in a review by Cochrane, an organisation that gathers and assesses the results of clinical trials. The review covered 319 studies involving more than 157,000 adults.
This review measured the effectiveness of medicines by the proportion of people who were not smoking after at least six months. The differences shown compare treatment with placebo or no medicine.
When does the doctor recommend cytisine?
Cytisine is found in Desmoxan, Tabex and Recigar. It binds to nicotinic receptors more strongly than nicotine and gradually pushes nicotine out of them, but stimulates them more weakly. In this way it eases withdrawal symptoms, and nicotine from a cigarette smoked during treatment no longer fully stimulates the reward system in the brain. In the Cochrane review, cytisine helped 7 more people in every 100 quit smoking compared with groups given no medicine or placebo.
Treatment lasts 25 days, and the patient stops smoking by day 5 at the latest. A pack of 100 Desmoxan tablets is enough for the whole course. In September 2026, cytisine for a full course cost about PLN 40 to 78 in online pharmacies. A woman who is pregnant or breastfeeding must not take cytisine. It is also not taken by people who have recently had a heart attack or stroke, or who have unstable angina or significant heart rhythm disorders. The manufacturer of Desmoxan also does not recommend it for people under 18 or people with impaired liver or kidney function.
When does the doctor recommend a nicotine patch?
A patch releases nicotine through the skin at a steady rate, so the patient does not have to remember doses during the day. NiQuitin Przezroczysty is changed once a day, while Nicorette Invisipatch is put on in the morning and taken off before bed, after 16 hours. The doctor recommends a patch, among other situations, when the patient cannot take cytisine. A patch alone helped 2 more people in 100 quit smoking.
A course of NiQuitin patches usually starts with 21 mg a day patches, which the patient uses for 6 weeks. For the next 2 weeks, they use the 14 mg patch, and for the last 2 weeks the 7 mg patch. A person who smokes no more than 10 cigarettes a day starts at 14 mg and finishes treatment after 8 weeks. In September 2026, 24-hour patches for the whole 10-week course cost about PLN 606 to 930.
When does the doctor recommend gum, spray or lozenges?
Nicorette Classic Gum, Nicorette Spray and NiQuitin MINI lozenges work faster than a patch. The patient uses them when the urge to smoke comes, so they help get through a sudden craving. The doctor may also combine them with a patch. For fast-acting forms of nicotine, the combined result was about 3 more non-smokers in 100 compared with placebo or no medicine. A patch combined with gum, spray or lozenges did only slightly less well than cytisine in the review, and the difference between them was uncertain.
People usually chew 8 to 12 pieces of gum a day, and no more than 15. The manufacturer recommends 4 mg gum for someone who smokes more than 20 cigarettes a day or did not quit while using 2 mg gum. Treatment with gum lasts at least 3 months, after which the number of pieces is gradually reduced. At 8 to 12 pieces a day, a pack of 105 lasts about 9 to 13 days. In September 2026, such a pack of 4 mg gum could be bought for PLN 78 to 100. A spray with 150 doses cost PLN 62 to 85 at the time.
Can varenicline and bupropion still be bought?
Varenicline, the active substance in Champix, works in a similar way to cytisine and in the same review helped 8 more people in 100 quit smoking. Bupropion, found in Zyban, contains no nicotine and helped 3 more people in 100. Both medicines require a prescription. In September 2026, Champix was not available in the pharmacies we checked, and the marketing authorisation for Zyban expired in December 2023. That is why in Elbląg we treat mainly with cytisine and nicotine medicines.